Imbecile - A stupid person.
Mid 16th century (as an adjective in the sense ‘physically weak’): via French from Latin imbecillus, literally ‘without a supporting staff’, from in- (expressing negation) + baculum ‘stick, staff’. The current sense dates from the early 19th century.
I thought I'd better look up the meaning and origins of the word 'imbecile' because its one of those words that has floated along and possibly changed its inference down the years. I'd suggest used mostly as a form of friendly mockery or intense frustration of or with a. n. other person these days, but used quite seriously in Mary Ann Sate's day. Turning to Wikipaedia ...
The term imbecile was once used by psychiatrists to denote a category of people with moderate to severe intellectual disability, as well as a type of criminal.... It included people with an IQ of 26–50, between "idiot" (IQ of 0–25) and "moron" (IQ of 51–70).
What became clear as I read my way into this fictional 'found memoir' of the life and times of Mary Ann Sate was that she was none of these.
It was my pleasure to be invited to 'champion' a book from the current Rathbones Folio Prize short list prior to the announcement of the winner on May 20th, and I was delighted when my plea for Mary Ann Sate, Imbecile was granted. The book had crept quietly onto my radar not via the review pages because none had reviewed it, but via a couple of prize lists thus confirming the importance of their existence. Published by Unbound and therefore crowd sourced, Mary Ann Sate, Imbecile by Alice Jolly has been long-listed not only for the this prize and the Royal Society of Literature Ondaatje Prize but also commended by the Walter Scott Prize for Historical Fiction. Yet no press reviews (until very recently) and its absence from the Women's Prize long list will remain a mystery to me, but then perhaps being passed over in this way segues well with the narrative of Mary Ann's life, because here is a book that gives a voice to the 'unheard' as the elderly maidservant Mary Ann Sate writes the story of her life throughout the nineteenth century.
In 2008, in the very early days of the scribbles, I was invited by Oxford University Press to share a platform at the Oxford Literary Festival with Mark Thwaite and Professors John Mullen and John Carey. It was one of those nerve-wracking (for me) 'Bloggers v Critics' events when comparisons and inevitably criticisms of the latter day amateurs were being made and I was braced for the onslaught. We were seen to be scaling the ivory towers and it was all very contentious, however John Carey saw all this very differently (as you might expect from the author of The Intellectuals and the Masses Pride and Prejudice among the Literary Intelligentsia 1880-1939)). He had read here extensively and was very complimentary about the way that the voice of the people was now becoming a matter of record. 'What we would give to hear the voices of the ordinary people from earlier centuries.. ' he said. At the time the scribbles were being digitally archived by The British Library as a social record for the future (they may still be, I gave permission).
Back in harness to a member of the family she has served in the past and who is now dying (painfully) Mary Ann Sate writes her own story alongside that of her 'master', though his takes second place to hers. Mary Ann privileges her own experiences, looking back on her life and creating tantalising shadows of events yet unknown and still to be explained. Set in the valleys around Stroud in Gloucestershire it quickly becomes clear that facial disfigurement is the cause of much misjudgement of Mary Ann's abilities and prejudice against her; she has been born with a cleft lip...
'A Devil Hare did cross your mothers' path...'
Destined to a live a life of struggle and servitude, first at The Heavens and then at Stocton Hall, where her employer Mr Harland Cottrell has taken her in as more of an interesting and useful oddity, there is little doubt that Mary Ann is in firm possession of all her faculties and no slouch at using them. Cottrell , a man of kind heart but uneven temper and possibly even more 'uneven' medical practice, employs Mary Ann as an unpaid servant and, against a backdrop of social change and civic unrest (Chartist riots, the 1832 Reform Act ) life in the mill town through Mary Ann's eyes is slowly but steadily revealed. Cottrell gives Mary Ann the opportunity of an education as well as repairing her cleft lip, and written in short stanzas the book creates a vivid picture of the traumas and threats of change, and the dangers of the nineteenth century, especially for those living in poverty. I was reminded of Hilary Mantel's words at Budleigh Literary Festival a few years ago...
'My greatest joy is to take a name and give them person-hood...a particle of being...doing honour to what is lost...'
Don't be phased by the size of the book at 600 pages, nor the vernacular which soon becomes familiar, nor the versified layout, but this was a book that required my full attention while I was reading it. I ended up setting everything else aside to concentrate on this one life, paying time to check into the spaces, the gaps that Alice Jolly creates in which to visualise the characters, the landscape, the work, the trials and the challenges, the smells and tastes too. And relishing the opportunity to get to know the indomitable and pragmatic Mary Ann.
The narrative is a tour-de-force, a stunning achievement, beautifully paced and measured, often as slow as the times, but how often have I looked at the tithe map and wondered about the people...seen the names in the village churchyard and conjured up the people here ...their life in this house, and yes, their deaths too.
This is a book that transported me there and more.
There is a wonderful moment when Mary Ann realises she can read...
'Sudden it all clear as drops of dancing water
The words flow away from me
I know them all
My eyes fly down the lines
Inside I am leaping
For I can read
I leapt with Mary Ann because I wonder if you can remember the moment you knew you could read...I can. Literacy, never to be taken for granted in the nineteenth century, will be Mary Ann's shining glory and her greatest asset.
The impact of industrialisation and the threat it created for the workers is profound. There are no safety nets, life is precarious for many and punishment for protest and dissent is severe. Looking through the archives for our local press there are plenty of notices of transportation for poaching on the Duke of Bedford's land here too, as in Mary Ann Sate, Imbecile, many a villager dispatched to Van Diemen's Land. There is scorn for the lower orders and a mocking of new ideas, but Mary Ann is made of strong stuff. The poor woman's lot is not a happy one; powerless and subservient and at the mercy of one and all, but what she may initially lack in self-confidence Mary Ann makes up for in resilience and resourcefulness and most importantly survival.
Arguably there are parallels here with modern times, the impact of change, and progress in its name, on ordinary working people, on minorities (and majorities) and attitudes towards them, about giving them a voice and listening to it, about respecting their choices and decisions. It all made for a fruitful read as I made the comparisons with our Hour of Turmoil, and by the time I turned the final page I knew I had read something of a masterpiece. An epic six hundred pages of punctuation-less, sort-of-verse with beguiling rhythms and cadences that left me marvelling at Alice Jolly's skill and imagination and staying power. This is diligent, careful writing with astute attention to details, it has a sustained rhythm and flow which doesn't falter and must have required complete immersion and vision to write, and several years of it too.
In the end the book is written, Mary Ann has used her voice and recounted her life in her own way and knowing that it will soon be over...
'For we are but tenants here
A wind that passeth doth not return'
Except Mary Ann Sate and all those lost voices she represents have returned, in the pages of this book. In the immortal words of Hilary Mantel ' you are not dead if someone still talks about you.'
I wish Mary Ann (and Alice Jolly) much good fortune at the announcement of the prize winner on Monday.
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